Fresh Skincare & Makeup Launches Straight from Japan
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Summer may still be in full swing, but Japan's beauty scene is already embracing the next season. July and August bring together refreshing skincare designed to help skin recover after months of heat and UV exposure, alongside the first elegant hints of autumn makeup.

If you're looking to refresh your beauty routine—or discover what's trending in Japan before everyone else—these are the launches worth adding to your wishlist.
What's Trending This Season?
Post-Summer Skin Recovery

Hydration, barrier care and brightening remain the biggest skincare focus as brands introduce formulas designed to help skin recover from UV exposure and summer fatigue.
The First Touch of Autumn

Muted browns, rosy neutrals and soft berry tones begin replacing vibrant summer shades, bringing effortless elegance to everyday makeup.
Beauty Beyond Skincare

Body care, scalp care and inner beauty continue to grow in Japan, reflecting a more holistic approach to everyday beauty routines.
1. Makeup
This season's makeup launches capture everything we love about Japanese beauty—soft textures, sophisticated colors and effortless elegance.

Autumn collections begin arriving in July and August with wearable neutrals, muted berries and luminous finishes that transition beautifully from summer into the cooler months ahead.

1.1 DECORTÉ
DECORTÉ welcomes early autumn with refined textures and elegant color stories designed to enhance natural beauty.

1.1.1 Rouge Decorté Cream Satin

Launching July 16, 2026 — DECORTÉ debuts Rouge Decorté Cream Satin, a new creamy lipstick that melts onto lips with a soft-focus satin finish and rich, sophisticated color in seven elegant shades.

1.1.2 Rouge Decorté Cream Glow
Launching July 16, 2026 — DECORTÉ adds three new shades to its Rouge Decorté Cream Glow lipstick, delivering luminous color, lasting hydration, and a glossy, high-shine finish.

- 30G Blush Tulle – A muted rose pink with a soft, elegant finish.
- 31G Whisper Mauve – A delicate pale mauve for a sophisticated look.
- 32G Noir Wildberry – A rich Bordeaux red with a deep, refined touch.
1.1.3 Decorte Skin Shadow Designing Palette
Launching July 16, 2026 — DECORTÉ expands its bestselling Skin Shadow Designing Palette with the new 11 Prism Chocolate, a warm reddish-brown colorway that creates effortlessly dimensional fall eye looks.

1.2 SUQQU

Inspired by the quiet beauty of early autumn, SUQQU's 2026 Autumn Color Collection embraces soft depth, refined textures and effortless sophistication. From elegant eyes to softly blurred lips, every piece is designed to work beautifully together.
1.2.1 Blur Liquid Lip

Launching on July 17, 2026, SUQQU’s new Blur Liquid Lip delivers a soft-focus, airy blurred finish with lightweight, vivid color in a comfortable liquid formula. Infused with silky matte paste oils, it smooths the look of lip lines while providing a non-sticky, hydrated feel with six wearable shades.

1.2.2 Signature Color Eyes – 156 Kiramekimitashi

Launching on July 17, 2026, this limited-edition eyeshadow palette blends shell-inspired luminous shades with soft neutrals to create elegant, multidimensional eye looks.

1.2.3 Mono Look Eyes
Launching on July 17, 2026, these limited-edition single eyeshadows feature satin and matte finishes with shell-inspired colors that add refined depth and radiant dimension.

1.2.4 Blurring Color Blush
Launching on July 17, 2026, the new Blurring Color Blush shades deliver seamless gradients, natural-looking radiance, and a soft flush that enhances the complexion.

10 SUMIKAZARI (Lavender Pink & Highlighter) – A lavender pink blush paired with a luminous highlighter to enhance clarity and a delicate, fresh flush.

1.2.5 Complexion Face Color

Launching on July 17, 2026, these new liquid face colors impart sheer luminosity with shimmering pearls for a fresh, translucent glow, including one limited-edition icy blue shade.

1.3 LUNASOL

Launching on August 7, 2026, LUNASOL's Autumn 2026 Collection introduces warm, luminous hues and sophisticated textures inspired by effortless elegance, featuring new and limited-edition eye, lip, cheek, and highlight products for naturally dimensional looks.

1.3.1 Eye Coloration N (23, 24, 25, EX17)
The iconic four-shade eyeshadow palette introduces three new shades and one limited edition featuring warm, luminous tones that blend seamlessly for dimensional eye looks.

1.3.2 Melting Shade Gel Liner
This new gel eyeliner glides on smoothly with a natural brown shade that defines the eyes with long-lasting, smudge-resistant wear.
1.3.3 Mono Eye Coloration (EX16-18)
Three limited-edition metallic single eyeshadows deliver rich shimmer and translucent depth with a silky, oil-rich texture.

1.3.4 Bare Color Balm (EX7-9)
This glossy lip balm arrives in three limited shades—from fresh cherry red to vibrant fuchsia and deep bordeaux—offering sheer color and long-lasting hydration.
1.3.5 LUNASOL Coloring Breeze (Limited New Shade EX01 Shimmering Sienna)
The blush adds a warm reddish beige flush with delicate pink pearls for a naturally sculpted, elegant complexion.

1.3.6 LUNASOL Radiant Stick N (Limited New Shade EX02 Sylphide Glow)
This multi-use highlighter debuts in a limited lavender shade with pink and blue pearls to create a fresh, luminous glow.
1.4 KATE
complete eye makeup collection introducing innovative eye essentials and wearable neutral shades to create soft definition, airy dimension, and naturally enhanced eyes.

1.4.1 Kate The Eye Color (072–074)
New misty beige-toned shades that add subtle depth and can also be used on brows, cheeks, as highlighter, or contour.

1.4.2 Kate Lash Glow / Lash Clear (New)
A dual-purpose lash top coat series that creates glossy separated lashes, with a clear black formula that also works as a mascara primer and top coat.

1.4.3 KATE Lash Maximizer Z / Lash Maximizer Long Up (Existing line)
Two mascara primers—volume or fiber-infused lengthening—to customize lash performance before mascara.
1.4.4 KATE Powdery Naginata Liner (New, 2 shades)
An angled-tip eyeliner delivering soft-focus, powdery definition that blends naturally and stays put all day.

1.4.5 KATE Double Line Expert (Re-release)
The cult-favorite ultra-sheer shadow liner returns, effortlessly creating natural-looking aegyo-sal and double-eyelid definition.

1.4.6 KATE Mellow Brown Eyes (Limited 2 Shades)
Two limited cool-toned brown palettes featuring Ruby Pink Brown and Grape Mocha Brown to enhance eye clarity without looking dull.


1.4.7 KATE Designing Eyebrow 3D (Limited 2 Shades)
Two limited milky beige and milky pink brow powders infused with gray nuances for soft, natural-looking dimension.
1.4.8 KATE 3D Eyebrow Color Z (Limited 2 Shades)
Limited milky beige and pink-beige brow mascaras that create softly bleached, airy-looking brows.
1.5 SHISEIDO
Blending innovation with everyday wearability, SHISEIDO introduces new essentials for both complexion and lashes.
1.5.1 Essence Skin Smooth Foundation
Launching on July 17th, this serum-infused foundation supports the skin's moisture barrier while delivering lightweight, buildable coverage for a smoother, firmer-looking complexion.

It minimizes the appearance of pores and shine while providing lasting hydration and SPF 30 PA+++ protection.
1.5.2 Majolica Majorca Lash Jelly Drop Long & Premium

Launching nationwide on July 21, Majolica Majorca introduces the renewed Lash Jelly Drop Long and Lash Jelly Drop Long Premium lash serums, featuring an upgraded applicator for precise root-to-tip application and conditioning formulas with 7 or 20 beauty ingredients to nourish, strengthen, and promote fuller-looking, healthier lashes.
1.6 JILL STUART

Blooming Chiffon Collection
Launching August 7 (Pre-orders open July 24), the Blooming Chiffon Fall Collection brings soft, flower-inspired hues and airy textures designed to create a fresh, joyful look.

1.6.1 Lip & Cheek Blooming Chiffon
A new 2-in-1 lip and cheek color with a lightweight, airy chiffon-matte finish that delivers a soft, translucent flush.
1.6.2 Dressed Bloom Eyes
Two new floral-inspired eye palettes combine layered textures and luminous shades to create naturally dimensional eyes.

05 spiced orchid

06 violet mist
1.6.3 Pastel Petal Highlighter Chiffon Corsage (Limited Edition)
A pastel highlighter coated with silver and pink pearls that blurs imperfections while adding a soft, filtered glow.

Limited color: 101 lilylight mirage
1.6.4 Lip Blossom Balm (Limited Edition)
Two new shimmering shades deliver cooling hydration, glossy shine, and a naturally plump-looking finish.

107 corsage dream

1.7 ADDICTION

ADDICTION's Autumn Collection brings together modern matte essentials in sophisticated muted shades to create effortlessly refined looks.

1.7.1 Confident Matte Lip
A lightweight liquid lipstick with up to 18-hour wear, delivering rich, transfer-resistant color in a smooth matte finish.
・001 Pointed Toe
・002 Norm Nude
・003 Hippie Cherrywood
・004 Preppy Rose
・005 Bitter Walnut

・007 Mauve Spice
・008 Loose Toffee
・009 Taupe Mania
・010 Baggy Boots
・011 Tight Red
・012 Bordeaux Brown

1.7.2 The Single Eyeshadow Matte
Richly pigmented matte shadows designed for endless customization, whether worn alone or layered together.
・101M 90's Vibe
・102M Icon Baby
・103M Espresso Shot
・104M Slip Dress

1.7.3 The Creamy Stick Eyeshadow – New Shade 101
A quick, blendable cream shadow that adds instant dimension with minimal effort.
1.7.4 Eyeliner & Brow Brush 23 / Blurring Brush 22
Expertly crafted brushes that make precision and seamless blending easier than ever.
1.8 SNIDEL BEAUTY

Launching on August 7th, the limited-edition "A Scoop of Joy" collection brings playful ice cream-inspired colors, creamy textures, and multi-use formulas for effortless radiance with a touch of sweetness.
"A Scoop of Joy" Limited Collection

1.8.1 Delightful Scoop (NEW)
Marbled multi-use powder for eyes, cheeks, and highlights with a luminous finish.
EX01 Chunky Chocolate – Sweet chocolate brown with luminous blue pearls.
EX02 Italian Affogato – Vanilla and chocolate marble with sparkling silver pearls.
EX03 Berry Cheesecake – Beige berry marble infused with soft gold pearls.

EX04 Lavender Mascarpone – Lavender marble topped with icy silver shimmer.
EX05 Raspberry Swirl – Rosy berry marble that enhances a fresh, radiant complexion.
EX06 Apricot Vanilla – Pink marble blending creamy vanilla with apricot coral.

1.8.2 Delightful Scoop Large (NEW)
Blurring face powder that brightens the complexion while soft-focusing pores.

EX01 Berry Vanilla Swirl – Creamy vanilla and berry pink with delicate gold pearls for a healthy, radiant glow.
EX02 Lavender Milk – Soft milk, lavender, and blue tones with bright silver pearls to boost clarity and luminosity.
1.8.3 Delightful Polish (NEW)
Melting lip scrub that exfoliates, hydrates, and smooths lips.

EX01 Strawberry Margarita – Sheer pink enhances the lips' natural flush for a fresh, healthy look.
EX02 Honey Milk – Sheer yellow neutralizes dullness and enhances the lips' natural brightness.

1.8.4 Brush Assort (NEW)
Limited-edition brush set with three essential brushes and a portable pouch.

1.9 CELVOKE
Celvoke × STAR WARS Collection
A collector-worthy collaboration inspired by the STAR WARS universe, featuring exclusive packaging and cosmic-inspired shades that blend fantasy with Celvoke's refined makeup artistry.

1.9.1 Expressive Eyes EX07 Twin Sunset

A 9-shade eyeshadow palette inspired by Tatooine, combining matte, shimmer and glitter finishes to create luminous, dimensional eye looks.

1.9.2 Force of Galaxy EX01 Stardust Veil

A multi-use highlighter with a translucent glow and subtle pink shift that doubles as a radiant blush.

1.9.3 Rouge Au Muted Glow (EX07 Starlight Princess, EX08 Signal of Hope)

Two limited-edition lipsticks in a luminous mauve rose and a muted brownish orange, delivering glossy color with flattering depth and a complexion-enhancing finish.

1.9.4 Fragrance Mist EX01 Beyond the Galaxy
A limited-edition essential oil fragrance mist with a clean, gender-neutral scent inspired by the vastness of space.

1.10 KANEBO
Kanebo continues to celebrate individuality through sophisticated colors and beautifully comfortable textures.

1.10.1 Rouge Star Drama
Launching on July 24, KANEBO's new Rouge Star Drama lipstick features Dramatical Form Lasting Technology to deliver defined lip contours, vibrant color, and long-lasting wear.

Enriched with serum-inspired moisturizing ingredients, it keeps lips smooth, hydrated, and beautifully radiant throughout the day.

1.11 SHU UEMURA
Shu Uemura expands its artistry-driven lineup with Sculpt Crayon, a multi-use contour stick designed for Asian skin tones and facial features, alongside the upgraded Hard Formula Hard 10 eyebrow pencil for even greater precision.

1.11.1 Sculpting Crayons

A creamy multi-use color stick that effortlessly sculpts, brightens and adds dimension with shades tailored to Asian complexions and bone structure.

1.11.2 Hard Formula Hard 10

(Updated | 13 shades, including 2 new & 5 limited) – The iconic brow pencil returns with an improved formula for smoother, more precise application while maintaining its signature natural-looking finish.

1.12 POLA
POLA expands its lifestyle offering with a curated selection of everyday essentials designed to bring comfort, beauty, and wellbeing into daily life.

Thoughtfully crafted with the brand's signature attention to quality and functionality, each piece transforms everyday routines into moments of effortless self-care.
1.12.1 B.A Day Plump Foundation

A 3-in-1 daytime cream foundation that combines moisturizer, primer and foundation to instantly blur shadows and create a lifted, plump-looking complexion.

1.12.2 B.A 3D Oasis Eye Color 04 Amber Bouquet
A four-shade eye palette featuring POLA's signature Oasis Base technology for hydrated, luminous color and enhanced eye dimension.

04 Amber Bouquet
A sophisticated beige palette inspired by the soft glow of amber. Balanced warm and neutral tones deliver clear, luminous color with a hydrated, glossy finish, creating dimensional eyes with refined transparency for any occasion.
1.12.3 Kumano Finger Fit Brush (Base & Lift Makeup)
A handcrafted Kumano makeup brush designed to mimic the precision of fingertips for seamless, refined application and a lifted-looking base makeup finish.
1.13 ROM&ND
Rom&nd's latest eye collection pairs an innovative mascara with a nourishing remover for effortlessly defined lashes from application to removal.

1.13.1 Han All Fox Lash Mascara (Launches July 31, 2026)

Creates lifted, clump-free "idol lashes" with a precision brush for long, defined lashes—no lash perm required.
1.13.2 Han All Mascara Remover (Launches July 31, 2026)

Quickly removes even waterproof mascara while conditioning lashes with a gentle, nourishing formula.
1.14 CEZANNE
CEZANNE introduces skincare-focused upgrades and easy-to-wear new shades, refreshing bestselling products while enhancing everyday makeup performance.
1.14.1 Bright Color Concealer
(Launch: Early August 2026 | New shade: 20 Retouch Green)
A serum-infused green color corrector that effectively neutralizes redness while providing hydration, UV protection (SPF31/PA+++), and a natural-looking finish.

1.14.2 Watery Tint Lip
(Launch: Early August 2026 | New shade: 10 Momo Purée)
A glossy milky peach-coral tint that delivers fresh, sheer color with lightweight, long-lasting hydration.

1.14.3 Pearl Glow Highlight N
(Launch: Late July 2026 | Renewed formula, 2 shades: 03, 05)
The renewed bestselling highlighter features a softer, more moisturizing formula that creates a smooth, pore-blurring luminous glow.

1.14.4 Under Eye Liner
(Launch: Late July 2026 | New shade: 02)
A soft milky brown under-eye liner that naturally enhances eye definition with a waterproof, smudge-resistant formula requiring no blending.

1.15 &be
&Be creates effortless, skin-first makeup that combines clean beauty formulas with wearable, modern shades.

1.15.1 Sheer Lip – New Shades Soft Pink & Soft Beige

The bestselling gel-film lipstick welcomes two new everyday nude shades that deliver sheer, glossy color with long-lasting hydration and shine.
Soft Pink offers a fresh rosy nude, while Soft Beige enhances lips with a sophisticated neutral beige for an effortless, polished look.
2. Skincare
2.1 DECORTÉ
Known for combining advanced skincare science with luxurious textures, DECORTÉ welcomes the season with hydration-focused essentials that help skin look clear, balanced and radiant.
1.1.1 DECORTÉ Cleansing Beauty Water

New from August 21, 2026. A serum-infused cleansing water with 73% naturally derived rose essence that effortlessly removes makeup while leaving skin fresh, hydrated, and radiant.
1.1.2 DECORTÉ Youth Power Essence Lotion

Available in a new 250mL size from July 1, 2026, the bestselling anti-aging essence lotion now offers a larger format while delivering the same formula powered by 62% KUROKOJI® Ferment Filtrate and 37% Multi-Layer Bio-Liposome Essence Water to deeply hydrate, improve firmness, and boost skin radiance.
2.2 SK-II
One of Japan's most iconic skincare brands expands its legendary Facial Treatment line with a serum designed for effortless daily radiance.

2.2.1 SK-II Facial Treatment Serum

New from July 20, 2026. This next-generation anti-aging serum combines Concentrated PITERA™ with innovative Micro Oil Beads III to visibly boost radiance, firmness, and skin bounce.
2.3 POLA
POLA expands its iconic Wrinkle Shot collection with two daily essentials that combine hydration with advanced anti-aging care.

2.3.1 Pola Wrinkle Shot Lotion

New from August 1, 2026. Inspired by Wrinkle Shot's research on dryness-induced fine lines, this nourishing oil-in lotion deeply hydrates to leave skin smoother and more supple.
2.3.2 Pola Wrinkle Shot Night Cream

New from August 1, 2026. Inspired by POLA's Wrinkle Shot approach, this night cream is designed to be applied with an upward massage motion for a nourishing overnight skincare ritual.
2.4 ALBION
FLARUNÉ introduces three new cleansing essentials designed to make the first step of your skincare routine gentler, fresher and more comforting.
2.4.1 FLARUNÉ Cocoon Cream Cleansing

New from August 18, 2026. A rich cream cleanser that gently removes makeup while preserving moisture, leaving skin soft, smooth, and comfortable.
2.4.2 FLARUNÉ Quick Off Oil Cleansing

New from August 18, 2026. A lightweight cleansing oil that effortlessly removes waterproof makeup and pore impurities for clear, smooth-looking skin.
2.4.3 FLARUNÉ Moist Stringy Wash

New from August 18, 2026. A cleanser that creates a rich, moisture-infused foam to thoroughly remove impurities while leaving skin smooth, soft, and hydrated.
2.5 HAKU
Japan's brightening specialist continues to focus on overnight care with a treatment designed to help skin wake up looking refreshed.

2.5.1 Medicated Whitening Night Cream Mask

New from July 21, 2026. This medicated overnight brightening cream mask is powered by HAKU's highest concentration of 4MSK to help prevent dark spots while leaving skin visibly smoother and more radiant by morning.
2.6 JILL STUART
Elegant, feminine and beautifully packaged, Jill Stuart's latest UV launch brings together skincare and everyday luxury.
2.6.1 Anniversary Edition Shimmering UV Protector

Limited edition, available from July 24, 2026. This SPF50+/PA++++ shimmering UV gel is formulated with 75% skincare essence to protect, hydrate, and brighten skin with a naturally radiant pink glow.
2.7 KOSÉ
This season, ONE BY KOSÉ continues its science-driven approach with a new duo designed to target visible signs of aging while strengthening everyday hydration.

2.7.1 ONE BY KOSÉ The Linkless Lotion

New from August 21, 2026. A medicated anti-wrinkle lotion powered by niacinamide to visibly improve wrinkles while deeply hydrating for firmer, plumper-looking skin.
2.7.2 ONE BY KOSÉ The Linkless Emulsion

New from August 21, 2026. A medicated anti-wrinkle emulsion powered by niacinamide to visibly improve wrinkles while deeply hydrating for firmer, plumper-looking skin.
2.8 LANCÔME
LANCÔME's iconic Génifique family welcomes a concentrated treatment designed for targeted overnight recovery.

2.8.1 Lancome Genifique Repair Shot

New from July 3, 2026. A targeted serum powered by microized β-glucan and low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid to visibly plump, smooth, and firm delicate areas around the eyes, mouth, and neck.
2.9 Shiroru
SHIRORU is a fast-growing Japanese skincare brand best known for its gentle yet effective cleansing products and minimalist, hydration-focused formulas.

2.9.1 Shiroru Cleansing Oil Black

A 98% serum-based cleansing oil that effortlessly dissolves makeup, blackheads, and pore-clogging impurities without drying skin.
2.10 SUQQU
SUQQU expands its skincare collection with a luxurious treatment that transforms facial massage into a relaxing self-care ritual.

2.10.1 SUQQU Designing Massage Cream Bath

Launching July 3, SUQQU's new Designing Massage Cream – Bath brings its signature GANKIN MASSAGE™ to your daily shower, helping relax facial muscles, boost circulation, and promote a more sculpted-looking complexion in just one minute.
2.11 FATUITE
Known for minimalist formulations backed by skincare science, FATUITE introduces two launches that focus on skin resilience and mindful self-care.

2.11.1 FATUITE Unlock Science Lift V Serum

Launching July 22, FATUITE’s Unlock Science Lift V Serum is an advanced anti-aging serum powered by cutting-edge peptide and skin-renewal technologies to visibly firm, lift, and smooth fine lines for a denser, more sculpted-looking complexion.
2.11.2 FATUITE Calmness Vacation Set

Launching July 22, FATUITE’s Calmness Vacation Set pairs an ultra-cooling gel with travel-sized cleansing essentials to instantly refresh, cleanse, and soothe skin through the summer heat.
2.12 TWANY
TWANY welcomes the new season with skincare that supports both skin vitality and healthy hair care.

2.12.1 TWANY Seasonal Essence a 2026 AW

Launching August 8, TWANY’s limited-edition Seasonal Essence a AW is a bi-phase treatment serum that replenishes post-summer moisture, strengthens the skin barrier, and restores plump, radiant skin ahead of autumn.
2.13 Shiro
SHIRO creates minimalist beauty products that celebrate the purity of natural ingredients sourced across Japan.
2.13.1 Shiro Balancing Oil in Water Green Yuzu

(Launches July 9, 2026)
A limited-edition bi-phase facial mist infused with rare blue yuzu to deliver deep hydration and a refreshing burst of citrus. Formulated with 1.5× more blue yuzu essential oil than SHIRO's classic Yuzu Oil-in-Water, it leaves skin nourished, balanced, and naturally radiant.
3. Body Care
As temperatures remain high across Japan, body care continues to be just as important as facial skincare. This season's launches focus on cooling comfort, lasting hydration and everyday indulgence.
3.1 FLORA NOTIS JILL STUART
Inspired by refreshing summer escapes, Flora Notis introduces cooling body care that feels as beautiful as it smells.

3.1.1 Flora Notis Jill Stuart Clear Neroli Comfort UV Mist Cool

Launching July 3, 2026 — Flora Notis JILL STUART’s limited-edition Clear Neroli Comfort UV Mist is a serum-infused SPF50+ cooling mist with 75% beauty essence, delivering lightweight, high-protection UV defense for face, body, hair, and scalp with a refreshing neroli scent.
3.1.2 Flora Notis Jill Stuart Clear Neroli Scrub Head Cleanse Cool

3.2 CLÉ DE PEAU BEAUTÉ
Luxury body care takes center stage with a treatment designed to nourish skin from neck to toe.

3.2.1 Synactif Body Cream

3.3 TWANY
Healthy hair begins with a healthy scalp, and TWANY's newest treatment focuses on long-term scalp care.

3.3.1 Hair Growth Serum
TWANY’s Medicated Hair Growth Serum helps prevent hair loss, flakes, and scalp irritation while supporting a healthier scalp environment with t-flavanone, nicotinamide, and soothing botanical extracts for thicker, stronger, and more beautiful hair.


Final Thoughts
Every season, Japan's beauty industry introduces hundreds of exciting new launches—but what makes July and August especially exciting is the balance between refreshing summer essentials and the first glimpse of autumn beauty.

Whether you're updating your skincare after months of sunshine, searching for the perfect new lipstick, or simply curious about what's trending in Japan, these launches offer something for every beauty lover.

We'll continue bringing you the latest beauty discoveries from Japan, so be sure to check back for more seasonal favorites, limited editions and editor-approved picks.
Happy shopping—and enjoy discovering your next Japanese beauty favorite.
All images used in this article are sourced from publicly available online resources.


















